Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749) was a French mathematician, physicist and author.
Voltaire, one of her lovers, declared in a letter to his friend King Frederick II of Prussia that du Châtelet was “a great man whose only fault was being a woman”.
Laura Bassi (1711-1778) was an Italian scientist. She received a doctoral degree from the University of Bologna in May 1732, only the third academic qualification ever bestowed on a woman by a European university, and the first woman to earn a professorship in physics at a university in Europe.
Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799) was an Italian mathematician and philosopher and the second woman ever to be granted professorship at a university.
She is credited with writing the first book discussing both differential and integral calculus and was an honorary member of the faculty at the University of Bologna.
Émilie du Châtelet,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet
Laura Bassi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Bassi
Maria Gaetana Agnesi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Gaetana_Agnesi